Motherboard Parts: Motherboard Anatomy 101

The motherboard is the heart of every computer. Without it, a fully functional computer is impossible. All other important components of a computer are connected to it in order to make every part functional. To understanding the components of a motherboard, it is critical to understand first the important parts included in it. Be guided with the following most important motherboard parts that can be found in a typical computer nowadays.

The Processor or CPU Socket

The processor socket is where one or more microprocessors can be installed. There are several types of sockets around, but in general only two are actually used. These two sockets are used by Intel and AMD for PGA and LGA. If PGA is used the CPU will need to have pins for the socket's holes, but if LGA is used then pins are not needed as it will just rest on the socket. Since the CPU socket is attached to a PCB, it is primarily designed to house the CPU from other parts of the motherboard. Aside from its primary function, the CPU socket also serves other important functions like providing a physical structure for the CPU's support, facilitating replacement, supporting the heatsink and forming an electrical connection for the PCB and the CPU.

The Memory Slots

The other term for memory slot is memory bank. It is made for RAM modules and each RAM must be compatible with the motherboard used. In average, there are 2 to 4 memory slots and the most common ones include single and dual-channel technologies. The single channel technology uses one to three RAM modules in order to work perfectly. On the other hand, the dual-channel technology must use more than one slot otherwise the module will lose its strength. For this reason, a minimum of two slots with the same type of module, with the same memory capacity and the same manufacturer must be used. For example, if 1 GB memory capacity is desired, two 512 MB modules from the same technology type and manufacturer are needed for fully functional module strength.

The SATA and ATA Interface Connectors

There are lots of interface standards made in the last years but the most important two are the SATA and ATA interfaces. The ATA interface is the same as IDE. It primarily connects hard and optical drives where two drives can be attached to one ribbon in order to support the majority of modern hard drive storage capacities. On the other hand, SATA is the new interface commonly used in most computers nowadays. It is definitely faster than ATA and it only needs one device attachment. Its wires are also thin which helps in a faster cooling process within the computer.

Main Power Connector

The main power connector is important as it is the passageway of the power supply needed for an efficient motherboard performance. There are two types of main power connectors: the 20 pins + 4 pins and the 24 pins. For this reason, incompatibilities are possible as not all power supplies have the two types of main power connectors, so it must be significantly considered.

The Peripherals

The peripherals of the computer are integrated altogether. It generally includes nonvolatile memory chip for the system's BIOS, a chipset forming the front side bus, peripheral buses and main memory, expanded card slot, power connectors, clock generator, sockets, main memory slot, and sound card. For latest motherboards, more peripherals are included since integrated circuits have cheap costs and sizes that can make efficient and cost-effective computers.

Solve 5 Common Wireless Network Problems

Yes, wireless network problems can be annoying when you want to get connected. Nevertheless, wireless network problems can usually be fixed without much fuss. Before you begin to troubleshoot what is wrong with your network. Make sure you have properly setup your network.

1. Unreliability

This is one of the most a common wireless network problems. It can be caused by faulty hardware or thick walls. More often than not this is caused by interference due to wiring in the building or home that doesn't allow for a particularly strong signal. Also wireless network strength can fluctuate widely from the same area.

The best solution to this wireless network problem is to boost the signal. This can be achieved in a number of ways. Your wireless device may offer a boost option in its package. If not, it might be best to create a boost using your home or building electricity wiring. This is sometimes known as a Homeplug Network. You can find devices these adapters at your local computer store or online.

2. Get Rid of Interference

Wi-Fi rich areas produce a lot of interference. Many routers can be vying for a place on a single channel. So, its best to change the channel to avoid interference. Switching channels can sometimes award the user with a significant boost in wireless performance. You can change the channel in your router and windows settings.

3. My Router Displays Lowers Speeds

In a perfect setting your router would get the maximum speed. However, the spec displayed on the box is achieved in a lab settings. Your speed result is usually and average. So if you have a 54Mbits/sec router. It's highly doubtful you will see any speeds near to that number. Be happy if you are crushing in the 30Mbits/sec range.

4. My Computer Won't Connect to the Internet

The best thing to do is to ensure that everything is plugged in properly. Look at your router lights to see if it indicates that a connection is being made with the internet. Also use Windows Network and Sharing Center to check your internet connection. Simply double click the internet icon in your task bar to and choose Network and Sharing Center then choose Manage Wireless Networks. Windows Problems and Solutions option will also provide you with some direction.

5. Slow Online Play

There are many reasons you may be experiencing slow online game play. Many of which may not be related to your own network. However, you should check to make sure your firewall isn't preventing the game from accessing the internet. Other factors maybe affected your online play. Check out Slow Internet Connections

Most wireless network problems can be quickly identified. If your problems persist on you should contact your ISP for help. Often they can be very useful in helping you solve your wireless network problems.

Hard Disk Data Recovery Software Download

For recovering and restoration of Hard disk data, there are a number of software which can be easily installed and operated, and you can recover the data through a non-destructive recovery software so that all your data is rescued, your deleted photos or music and video files are restored, even like other important documents. The Software is a simple and secure method to get hold of all deleted files from damaged or corrupted disks or memory cards.

The need for a recovery software is usually experienced by most of us. When you have trying to access a file or a folder on your PC, the computer can flash error messages, like "USB drive not recognized" on your screen. From this you can understand that the memory card data has been lost. When you encounter such data loss Hard Disk Data Recovery Software or Memory card data recovery software, both of which are similar, can help you to recover the lost files whether due to human error, power failure, or corrupted disk etc.

This is an easy, reliable and safe inexpensive method to restore the lost data from your hard disk, and they are flexible for all Window application. This software provides you very friendly interface, and thus you don't require any kind of complex training to handle the software.

When you have a Hard Disk Data Recovery Software you will be able to restore all formats of media files, which include, jpg, wav, bmp, mov., mp3, gif, txt., midi, impeg, aac, etc. The Hard Disk/Memory Card data recovery software can support many formats of digital memory cards, and many brands as well.

The Software can help you restore deleted, missing data or files from damaged disk drives. It can support all USB memory card storage devices like Secure Digital SD (micro SD, SDHC, mini SD, SDHC Plus), Compact Flash Memory card, Multimedia Card, Memory Stick and other common storage media and are compatible with many important bands including Kodak, Sanyo, Olympus, Umax, Sony, BenQ, Aiptek, Casio, Canon, Konica, Acer, Nikon, Philips, Digital Dream etc.,

The Software has user-friendly interface, and you don't have to learn to handle it. The software may require a Pentium processor in the system, having a memory space of about 128 MV RAM, and free disk space of about 10 MB, while it supports Vista, XP, 2003, 2000, 98, NT and ME versions of Windows.

Hard Disk Repair Tips

Hard drives work like the human body in the sense that if we don't keep them properly maintained, we will need hard disk repair. It's also similar in that we have a tendency to not worry about small problems until things completely stop working because of a serious issue. Before a hard drive crash we don't think about the measures for hard drive repair and why backups are a superb choice. Since data recovery techniques are not easy tasks and frequently must be handled by trained professionals and computer proficient people, it often remains "out of sight, out of mind". Fortunately, despite the technical nature of a hard disk, damage can be quite predictable.

Hard Drive Crash Warning Signs

Understanding the early signs of hard drive failure is key to being ready for a crash. It doesn't mean that these signs will automatically lead to hard disk crash and a need for data recovery, but it will surely help. The always infamous "blue screen of death" (BSOD) in Windows systems, is a key indicator, as it can predict crashes better than most signals. Your BIOS' S.M.A.R.T. system can also alert you to signs of a failed hard disk.

Other key physical failure signs include abnormal clicking, scratching or crushing noises. If you observe any of these, shut down your system immediately. In this case, it's likely your hard drive might be having a mechanical issue and needs data recovery. This sound is the sound of your drive heads, which may be scraping the platters. The more your drive heads damage the platters, the more critical data may be lost.

Are You Backed Up?

When hard disk damages occur, professional hard disk repair is the best possible option to enable your hard drive to recover its data. This hard disk repair is best performed by professionally trained people. Understand that it is possible that 100% of the data cannot be retrieved. The most prominent reason for this is the permanent damage to the hard drive. This is why backing up your data on a daily or at least weekly basis is really the only way to be certain about your data protection.

Platters in your hard drive spin at thousands of RPM. Small elements like dust particles and unnecessary movements can create irretrievable harm by damaging platters. When the data is backed up, it reduces the probability of data loss due to hard disk failure. The frequency of backup should depend upon the magnitude and significance of data.

Put The Drive Down... Slowly

Avoid opening the cover of a damaged hard drive with the intent to repair. Technologies have changed: hard disk drives are completely susceptible to damage from minor dust particles, gases and atmospheric elements. This is not a time to be a mechanical hero.

Keep It In Shape

Taking care of your drive through disk checks and defragmentation is a proactive way to ensure its future. But, be aware that failure is inevitable, and one day you may have to consider professional hard disk repair.

Best Hard Disk Recovery Software

Hard disk recovery software is used to recover data from a hard disk. There are many software in the market today that can be used to do this task.

The software you choose will be determined by the operating system and the hardware you have on your computer. Before thinking of buying any hard disk recovery software, there are some factors that you should take into consideration.

The first factor would be the type of damage that the hard drive has suffered.

This will also determine the success rate of the data recovery. You can be able to do the recovery on your own if the data was lost due to virus infection, operating system failure, deletion, formatting, etc.

Such situations where data is lost are normally categorized under the Logical Failure category.

Due to the fact that the loss is software related, it can be solved by hard disk recovery software.

Normally, such software is user friendly and they just need someone who is conversant with computers.

A hard disk recovery software is designed and made to retrieve the lost data from the storage media by scanning the media. In the event that the data loss resulted from physical damage, the process will be a bit complicated and it might require the help of a technician.

Physical damage might mean that some of the hard drive components have been compromised physically.

Hard drive components are like the read / write head, Printed Circuit Board (PCB), disk controller, spindle motor and disk platters.

In such cases, you will find that the system might not be able to start. In such situations, you will need the help of data recovery professionals to replace physical components of the hard drive in order to start the data recovery process.

Since most computer users have never seen the inside of a hard drive, it would be advisable to enlist the help of hardware professionals who will help you with the process.

Most of the time, such professionals will either repair or replace the hardware components of the hard drive before they can be able to do any data recovery.

If the hard disk fails to function after they have done this it will mean that chances of recovering your data will be very slim.

At other times, physical damage has been known to be beyond repair which will mean that the data will never be recovered. However, such cases are rare.

Tips For Locating A Gaming Computer

A lot of people are getting into gaming these days. And this is very understandable, with the huge leaps that gaming and the technology behind it is experiencing. Now, games have expanded from consoles, gaming computers and gaming laptops to dependable platforms in mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets. Also, the online gaming community has rapidly grown in size, influence and depth to become a real draw for new and hard-core gamers alike. This means that people are now factoring in the apps games that a device will support when making a purchasing decision for a new gadget. Also, more people are buying gaming computers and laptops that will allow them to enjoy the newest and best games, and are not just buying for Spartan purposes alone.

If you want to find the best among the many gaming computers on the market, you do not have to have the knowledge of a computer whiz to find it. Because gaming machines have become mainstream, there is a lot more information about them online. You can start your search on the web and visit the many tech related websites and forums out there. With the many reviews and lists that these tech institutions have, you will find no shortage of advice when it comes to the latest greatest gaming machines. From laptops, desktops to smart phones, there are tons of expert opinion about what is the best in terms of power, value and title offerings. Which leads us to the next tip: know which things will decide what is best for you.

When it comes to gaming computers, there really is no golden standard for what is best. You can look at it from a tech wizard who has no second thoughts about spending thousands of dollars on a machine that will give him the best gaming experience: power and performance all the way. Or you can go casual gamer and think about value for money, asking more practical questions like how many games can I play with the machine? How long will it remain a viable gaming machine? Can it support the kinds of games I am into? The best gaming machine will be the one that will answer your preferences. If you have the money to burn, you can custom build a gaming computer that will have all the bells and whistles like top of the line audio and graphics, liquid cooling systems, and all that jazz. Or if you just want to buy a solid, mid-level computer to play with your online buddies, a good computer from a trusted brand is what you are looking for.

How to Find Best Computer Components Online

Consumers purchase computer components online to make quick repairs to the device. It saves a great deal of time. Online shopping enables the consumer to access a large selection of products. It enables the computers to run around the clock without repair.

The consumers must be smart enough to search for computer parts and must go beyond the simple search items like "computer online store." It is the best bet to look for the specific parts they need. It is really difficult to filter through all the websites for one item. Instead the search engines must find the correct website.

The average customer might find it strange to purchase computer parts. There are several reasons for purchasing one's own computer parts. The computer repairman should be able to have a quick and easy source for the parts he needs. Shopping online can be done easily from the computer. Shipping of the product can be expedited as soon as possible, if necessary.

Buying computer parts online helps the customers to save money by purchasing the components themselves. Customers end up paying more if their computers are taken to a large company for repairs. The store takes its own time to get the part and fix the computer. It leads to the computer lying at the store for a long time.

The consumer can purchase all the parts on one website if he considers upgrading the computer or computer systems. Instead of searching the internet for different shops the consumer can shop at the store he trusts. This offers the customer the option of combining items for shipping and thus help in cutting down of costs.

Most of the online spare parts suppliers also work from a true "brick and mortar" store front. This means that a store might be right around the corner.

Enter search items to narrow down the supplier who is close. This can be done by entering the name of the location. For example, if you want to find a store in "Ocala, Florida", it will narrow the results to businesses that operate within close proximity to Ocala, Florida.

Computers parts are not only for repairman and computer wizards. They can be used by each and every individual to make repairs and upgrade their computer in an easier, cheaper and quicker way. Searching under the right parameters will make a big difference. Shopping online for computer parts saves time and energy.

10 Best Motherboards of 2011

There are many ways to define which motherboard is the best motherboard. Surveys asking, which is the best motherboard by popularity are not close to responses for the best motherboard by user. You really have to decide for yourself. Recently, buyers of technical items have been more discriminating and relied a lot on user reviews. I hope the information in this article assists you to know which motherboard is the best motherboard for you.

These ten motherboard choices are not in any order. We feel they are the ten best motherboards for 2011.

Intel D859EMV2L Pentium 4 Motherboard
This model has many expansion slots, USB2.0 connections and good workmanship. The design must be great since the memory on this mother board is blazing fast. The RDRAM price seems high but you get what you pay for. The motherboard manual says it needs a 350-watt power supply. Fully loaded that is not enough. Make sure you have a 550-watt power supply. With that power this mother of a board goes supersonic, even fully loaded.

Intel D945GTP Desktop Motherboard

The strength of this board is Intel brand and the fact it has IEEE-1394 support. This motherboard is works better with a step higher power supply than the motherboard manual advises. A 550-watt power supply works nicely.

Asus M4A78T-E Desktop Motherboard - AMD - Socket

This motherboard is very stable and works without surprises. There are many overclocking options, not hard to implement. It has a very good raid controller and external COM1 connector. The audio is fantastic. This seems to be a good candidate for the best motherboard, as far as we could tell. The motherboard manual and coordinated website are great. For those who build their own computer there are many helpful features.

Intel D915GEV Desktop Motherboard

This is another great motherboard that has the Intel brand dependability, 4Gb memory, 800 FSB, great on-board graphics and audio performance. Most buyers of this motherboard report having zero problems. The motherboard manual was adequate if you had some prior experience building your own computer.

MSI Platinum P7N SLI Platinum Desktop Motherboard

This surprising motherboard is very stable and full featured. The overclocking function is automatic which is nice. It is easy to upgrade, if you do it with MSI Utilities. The SATA connections were not so easy to reach and the motherboard manual could have been better. This board is bigger than most and for some a new case purchase might be necessary. Even with the less than perfect manual, it seemed easy overall to work with. Overall, the design helped make it easy to use. The motherboard drivers are simple to update.

GigaByte GA-X58A-UD7 Desktop Motherboard

There is no way around it, this may be the best motherboard for 2011 but this baby is expensive. The design even looks awesome and you can almost feel the power when you hold it and look it over. It has 10 SATA ports and everyone is 6GB ready. Overclocking is easy and it has a great ability to stay cool. The motherboard manual could have been easier to work with. The second IDE port is too far away for some connections and requires re-cabling, which is a pain. This great motherboard has LEDs to indicate power phases the RAM processor uses and two PCIEX16 slots. Despite the price, it has to rate as a one of the best motherboards of 2011.

Foxconn Mb 661Mx Plus Motherboard

This is a mid range priced motherboard. It is a socket 478 CPU MOBO but it does not have Dual memory capability. For people looking to exchange / replace an old 478 Socket board this is the best option. The board is stable and the motherboard manual is great.

ABIT KV-85 Desktop Motherboard

This motherboard is well priced for the features it has. It uses the VIA K8M800 chipset easy to work with. One problem was an incorrect BIOS temperature reading that is a bit annoying. All first time computer builders will find the motherboard manual very helpful. Most build-ups work the first time. That is how easy it is to work up to operating status. Overall, this is a great choice for those first venturing into building their first computer.

Asus AI Lifestyle P5K-E Desktop Motherboard

This motherboard is rated by users as a great bargain but the price has increased so something must have been upgraded in specifications. It is full featured with only some complaints about intermittent wifi problems.

Intel D850GBC Motherboard

This is another great Intel Motherboard for any build-up. This is considered a Pro Motherboard and it has great RDRAM but if something goes wrong, RDRAM is very costly and hard, at times, to get. The 800 bus on this motherboard is from the future. This motherboard needs a minimum of 1Gb RDRAM to operate at full capacity and it can go up to 2Gb if you can afford it. The motherboard manual is not for beginners.

Dell 1235 Laser Printer

The Dell 1235 laser printer has been known to stand out to most of your home or office printing needs. It is capable of producing high quality text printouts. This laser printer has also been known to produce crisp and sharp facsimile and photocopy images. It is truly a competent color laser multifunction printer.

Aside from these things, the 1235 printer is also affordable, compared to other laser printers that have been out in the market. Currently, it costs around 90 dollars cheaper than the other leading brands of printers. One of the reasons for this low price is the lack of wireless connections.

Another thing that you can easily notice with both the printer and the toner is the compact size of both products. In fact, you can easily store them wherever you want. The only important thing in terms of the storage of these products is to avoid placing heavy objects on top of them. Apparently, if you attempt to place a heavy object on top of the laser printing unit, the shell might be distorted. This is highly probable if a sudden strong force strikes the shell directly. As a result, you can have a crack somewhere on the laser printer. This crack may pose a hazard not only to the unit itself but also to you and your family or company. For instance, a crack may cause an unexpected fire to break out due to short-circuit or other similar circumstances. The crack may also cause malfunctioning of other inner parts of the printer.

As for the Dell 1235 toner, you can expect a leakage of the toner once this obtains a crack. The crack may be directly due to heavy weight placed above the toner cartridge. The relatively high temperature produced by the printer can cause the powder to build up. As a result, the blockage may obstruct the various vessels that are inside the unit. When this happens, there is a great chance that your printer toner may require a replacement. That applies to the printer as well.

Aside from pure text printing and pure graphic printing, this printer can also cater to other printing needs. One of these is the printing of facsimiles. When the laser printer toner has been subjected to the printing tests, the facsimile printouts were found to be crisp and lightly printed on the appropriate paper. However, the quality of the printouts is noted to be finely done, with minimal marks or aberrations along the edges of the text. In terms of printing scans, the 1235 printer has been found to have a similar type of print out when compared to print outs done for facsimiles. In addition to that, the depth of the printouts in this printing task has been found to be neatly done, with minimal smudges on any part of the printout. Another function of the laser printer that the toner can withstand is the photocopy task. For this one, a similar result has been found. Aside from that, a nice bonus that comes with these printing jobs is the printing speed. Apparently, the printing speed did not compromise the printing quality that the Dell 1235 laser printer can provide.

How Can You Extend The Cable On Your Headphones?

A common complaint about new headphones supplied with MP3 players and even with headphones bought of the shelf, is the length of the cable. Most manufacturers only provide short cables are 1.5 meters long. This is just too short if you want to plug the headphones into a television or other device that's not immediately next to you. You can of course extend the audio lead by using a headphone extension cable. This is a cable that is placed in between your audio device and your headphones. They are available in many lengths and more importantly, they come with different jack plug sizes, this means you must buy the correct cable or it will not fit.

Most portable MP3 type devices use a standard 3.5mm jack. This is often referred to as a mini jack. When purchasing an extension it's a good idea to opt for one that offers gold-plated contacts. The improve audio quality as gold is a better conductor for audio signals. Another benefit of using gold-plated audio cables is oxidization. Gold prevents rusting, this can be a problem in doors due to the moisture in the air that we breathe. When this moisture lands on none gold-plated contacts it begins oxidizing.

With traditional wire audio leads it's important to keep the cable as short as possible. Cables will suffer with signal loss and electrical magnetic interference. The longer the cable the more noticeable this will be. You can take a few measures to reduce these effects, most noticeably you can use a shielded cable, this adds a layer of foil around the cable to prevent interference. You can also opt for a headphone extension cable that has ferrite cores, these are small cylinder type barrels placed on either end of the cable. Headphone extension cables can be bought in lengths up to 20 meters, though with analogue signals it's wise to stick below 10 meters long.

Headphone extension cables are relatively inexpensive. You can buy a good quality shielded 10 meter long extension cable with gold-plated contacts for as little as fifteen pounds sterling or around 24 dollars. A shorter 3 meter cable with similar spec can be bought for around eight pounds or 13 dollars. What ever length you choose it's a good idea to buy online. Online retailers have fewer overheads and in turn tend to offer more competitive prices over their high street counterparts.

3 Types of Wireless Technology

Wireless applications are flexible, clean and convenient. Wires can go bad or get tangled and can make an application difficult to trouble shoot if there is a communication problem. As systems increase in size, often wired applications increase in the amount of wires which can be problematic. Wireless solutions can help when you want to communicate with a tank out in a remote area, want to check the status of something from a remote location, or when you don't want to install any wires. You can use long range wireless hardware to communicate with remote tank systems or you can use the cellular network. Infrared technology can be used instead of wires in indoor applications.

Here is a short list of 3 types of wireless technology:

   1. Zigbee Wireless Technology operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency. It supports mesh, star and cluster tree topologies. It is an inexpensive, general purpose, self-organizing and robust. Zigbee networks require one host or master like ZB-2550-T to be the coordinator for the network which will initialize and determine the most optimal transmission path between nodes. ZB-2550-T can bring RS-485 or RS-232 to zigbee wireless communication. Zigbee networks may have many slave routers like ZB-2551-T for transmitting and receiving with end devices. ZB-2551-T can bring RS-485 or RS-232 to zigbee wireless communication. The typical communication distance for zigbee hardware like ZB-2550-T and ZB-2551-T is 100 meters and the standard antenna is omni-directional. Longer range versions can communicate up to 700 meters. Directional antennas like ANT-15YG or omnidirectional antennas like ANT-15 may extend communication transmission up to 9 Km. Each zigbee network has an RF channel, a PAN ID, and each node has a unique node ID. Configuration of the network is done through a software utility. Zigbee networks support transparent, broadcast or Modbus communication modes.

   2. Infrared Technology uses electromagnetic radiation. IR-210 is a universal learning remote module that can learn up to 176 IR commands and save them to a file. It operates in the 32 to 56 KHz frequency. IR-210 has an RS-232 port and an RS-485 port so it can allow Modbus RTU based master devices to communicate with IR slave devices like televisions, projectors, and lighting controls. IR-210 is set up with a software utility which lets you configure Baud Rate, Net ID, Device Name, and commands. The typical communication distance between the IR-210 and end devices like digital picture frames is up to 7 meters.

   3. Radio Frequency Technology may operate in the 900 Mhz frequency. It supports point to point or multi-point topologies. SST-900 for example has 16 adjustable RF channels and different AP modes like Slave/P2P and Slave/Broadcast. Radio Frequency Technology supports peer to peer or broadcast communication modes. SST-900's RF network is configurable with a software utility which lets you configure an RF channel, group ID, AP mode, data format and baud rate. SST-900 has an internal self-tuner and its typical wireless transmission range is 1000 meters.

How to Fix Network Problems

Network problems are often a reason for a lot of frustration. They can involve both hardware and software issues and sometimes require considerable degree of expertise and/or money to deal with. Adding to the desperation of the situation is that the internet is a good source for troubleshooting information on how to fix network problems, yet with a network problem, the internet often becomes inaccessible.

A common problem is that the computer can't reach the network. This might occur due to a number of reasons. The most obvious thing to do in such a situation is to check out the connectivity of the network cable. If everything is alright with the cable, then you need to check out installation issued of your network hardware. This can be done from the device manager: Click on "Device Manager" to open it. Look for "Network Adapters" and click the plus sign next to it. If you see an explanation point or a red X, this indicates a problem with your network card. Also, check out your network configuration: Right-click "Network Places" on your desktop. Choose "Properties" from the menu. Look for the "Local Area Connection" icon. Right-click it and go to "Properties." Click on "TCP/IP." If nothing works you should note down the details of the error and search for a solution on the internet from a working terminal.

Another common problem is that computers on the network are unable to detect each other. You can start by first checking whether you have the necessary provisions installed: Right click the "Network Places" icon on your desktop. Click "Properties." On the "General" tab, make sure you have "Client for Microsoft Windows" and "File and Print Sharing for Microsoft Networks" and "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" installed. Check other computers likewise and make sure that all are on the same workgroup or domain. You can also try turning off the firewall to find out whether it is causing the problem.

Information of how to fix network problems is abundant on the internet and varies from situation to situation. A few minor problems like being unable to renew an IP address can be fixed through the command prompt: Start > Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt, then typing 'ipconfig /renew' to attempt to obtain an IP address from the command line. Some issues can be cured by setting up a static IP address. This was a little information of how to fix network problems, further research on the internet is encouraged.

Computer Network Setup and Repair

Computer Network Repair wasn't heard of a few years ago just as computers weren't considered to be a necessity fifteen years ago. They were looked at as a high end luxury. However, things have changed and you will hardly find a home without a computer in it. There can be no business run at optimum levels without the help of a computer. The use of several different computers located in the same premise requires them to be connected using computer networks. However, if there is a computer networking problem, all computers may be affected.

Computer network repair is not something that all people are good at. A computer networking issues at the home or office requires immediate attention by a trained professional. Huntsville computer repair specialists know just what to do to get your network up and running. When your network gets setup by a network repair solutions professional you will be able to get your laptop and desktop computer communicating on your network, sharing files and much more. Huntsville computer repairs can provide you with the right kind of repair service at your premise at the most competitive pricing.

If you are not familiar with setting setup a network, you need specialized computer guru such as the computer repair in Huntsville AL, to address your problem. Security is very important as well. Many people don't think about it when setting up their network but if the security of the network is jeopardized, then you are laying yourself open to hackers getting your information. This will allow them easy access to your network and spread malware from one computer to another. Computer networking problems can manifest themselves in several ways such as Network delays, denial of service, network security and unavailability of certain network services and can be set right by Computer repairs in Huntsville AL.

Large businesses usually have a team of networking professionals to supervise and repair network problems. This is not possible for small business owners to have a team of networking professionals so they may choose a Huntsville computer repair specialist to do the job. These guys can monitor your network and keep hackers at bay. If there is a concern you could always call for Computer repair in Huntsville AL.

In case of a concern with just one desktop or a laptop, you can attempt to repair it yourself or call a computer repair service shop. But, what would you do if there is a concern with the network. This is when you will need experts to come for an in-house visit and analyze the issue. Onsite, at home or office computer repair service is extremely popular and it can be possible with Huntsville PC repair technicians that will come to your home or office and troubleshoot and repair the problem. They can be quick, effective and affordable and get you back online in minutes.

Some Huntsville PC repair service companies offer remote monitoring and support. If your office has network intense tasks being performed all the time and you don't have the budget for a network monitoring service then you should have a good Huntsville computer repair specialist on stand-by. A point to be noted is that some network repairs are possible remotely but for all else an onsite visit is essential.

Computer Network Repair For Beginners

While computer network repair is not something most beginning computer users want to tackle, there are a few things you can check that are common causes why your computer network won't work. Sometimes, checking simple things can make your network start working again. You might be able to isolate the problem, making computer repair less time-consuming, in the event you need an on-site computer network repair technician. Most of the time, networks will use Windows programs or SQL servers.

The first thing to try is to re-boot the system. This means you need to turn off all the peripheral computers and the main computer or network server will need to be re-booted, (turned off and then turned back on). Don't forget to re-boot the router because sometimes, this will be your problem. After you have tried this approach, you might find the system will be working because sometimes, an electrical blip causes the network to have errors, when booting up. This process might take a few minutes.

The next step for beginning computer repair is to check the cabling connections. Sometimes, a connection can work itself loose if you accidentally bump a component. If you have a red "X" in the system tray, this could be the problem. When you are narrowing down problems in computer network repair, a loose cable can be the problem many times.

Usually, the next step in troubleshooting your repair will be to check the hardware and make sure there are not problems. You go to the "Control Panel", then "Device Manager" to see if there are any disabled network devices marked with a red "X". You might need to re-enable the device, if you see these signs. If there is no network device listed, you might have a problem with your network card. If these are not problems, the next step in the repair would be to perform the Windows Diagnostics.

To perform the Windows Diagnostics, you go to the system tray in the lower right hand corner screen of the computer that needs repair. You will right-click on the red "X" that indicates no network connection and click on "Repair" or "Troubleshoot", depending on which version of software your system uses. This might clear up network problems, if software configuration problems exist. Avoiding computer network repair by an on-site technician can mean trying these simple steps. Sometimes, you can't avoid the need of an experienced computer network repair technician to help you, however.
For this reason, there are some companies that have taken advantage of computer network repair support technicians that are on-call and they will often walk you through the steps we have just mentioned. The great thing about learning the basics of computer network repair is that you might be able to get your network working again very quickly without help. On the other hand, if you can't figure out what is wrong with these simple processes of computer repair, save the more complicated tasks for a person that is experienced in computer network repair and don't start messing with system configurations or settings. This can make the computer network repair process take longer, and cause more problems than it solves.

The Top 5 Most Common Computer Problems

If you have a PC, then you have most likely suffered from computer problems. Most people have accepted that there PC will eventually crash due to a virus or some massive error. However this is a myth. Your PC is built to last more than a decade. However you must keep well tuned for it to make its third birthday. Nevertheless, most people would rather buy a shiny new PC rather than spend an hour trying to fix computer problems on there 2 year lap top or desktop. After another two year after their purchase lack of maintenance will cause their new PC to lose its performance speed. Whats next you guess, $3000 Windows Vista Ready PC. This is known as the consumer vicious cycle.

Why have does your computer have problems?

Well, the biggest problem that your computer has is its owner. More than 80% of computer problems stem from neglecting to perform simple maintenance task such as cleaning your registry, emptying your cache files and updating software regularly. If these task a perform diligently. You would be reading this article from a five year old machine running on Windows 98 operating system. So, lets take a look at the top five computer problems and how to avoid them.

1. Computer has performance has slowed.

This is the number one complaint from most users. There are several reason why this has occurred. However, most can attributed to lack of maintenance. Fragmented data, corrupted registry, spyware, and load of unnecessary programs and services running can all eat away at your PC speed and performance. Manage your programs and cleaning your registry would easily award you a 30% gain in performance speed. Check out The 4 ways to speed up my computer

2. Lockup, freezes, and blue screens of death.

This is a another common computer problem. However, this particular issue is a bit more serious; therefore, it needs a few diagnostic steps. In most cases this problems are caused by spyware. To avoid this problem update your anti-spyware program daily. Having the most up to date signatures will help you avoid having a serious spyware problem. However, if you have concluded that your PC is spyware free. You should update your hardware drivers. The computer cannot communicate with various hardware components without an up to date driver. When it cannot find a driver, the CPU locks up. Also, increasing your virtual memory can also help to avoid freezes. Virtual Memory will allow to you get more use out your computer's RAM. Check the resource box for more info on the subject.

3. The computer spontaneously reboots or turn itself off.

This computer problem can be usually attributed to a hardware issue. Usually its the power supply is dying or in most cases a dirty or defective cooling fan. The computer trying to cool itself by automatically switching off. So, if you feel a bit of extra heat coming out the computer. Clean the fan and make sure it running properly. If your fan is functional, check your power supply. Also, you will be surprised how many people fail to make sure the cables are attached tightly. This be the cause of this particular computer problem.

4. Strange noises and vibrations.

This is almost totally a hardware issue. You computer is made up of thousands of parts. Its not unheard of that one of them can become unhinged. Overheating can cause expansion of wires and melt some sensitive. High pitch noises such as squealing or whining sounds can be cause electronic components. Whatever the reason, you conduct a small investigation. Remove the case and run the computer to discover the origin of the computer problem. If its not a simple matter such as a loose wire or fan issue, it may be time to call a computer tech.

5. Your home page, default search engine, or web browser has changed itself.

This is also known as "high-jacking". Spyware has been installed on your computer via social networking or from email link. This action has allowed spyware to install a java script into your web browser. The spyware then sends a message to your browser to change your user settings. For example change your home page to another web page.

As you have discovered from reading the article, the most common computer problems can be handle quite easily by simple maintenance of your PC. Net time you are suffering from computer problems. Take a few minutes to run some diagnostic test before rushing out to computer technical center claiming your PC is broken. When all you need to do was just make sure it was plugged in.

How to Solve Windows Operating System Problems - Repairing OS Problems Yourself

There are many reasons why you are encountering Windows operating system problems; depending on the severity of the issue, there are many ways where you can fix the trouble yourself as long as you know how to do it. Hence, we shall discuss few of these things here in this article; and if you want to know what they are, then read on and check them out.

One of the most common reasons why Windows operating system problems occur is the invasion of malicious programs like spyware and adware that are causing some changes on the configuration and settings of your computer OS. In some instances, virus attack can also cause this issue to emerge on your unit. Hence, you need to have some tools to protect your laptop from invasion of any of these harmful programs such as spyware removal tools and antivirus software. This may cost you a few dollars but it can save you a lot from further troubles that may require technical works done by expert technicians.

Another reason for this trouble to occur is your hard drive is almost full; causing system slowdown and resulting for some errors to occur. In order to manage this situation, unclog your hard drives through uninstallation of some programs that are no longer or rarely used. This consumes a lot of memory space on your hard drives; removing them from your unit would greatly improve its performance and bring to an end some problems related to your OS. Another good option is to defrag your computer in order to organize files and optimize its operation. It is highly recommended to perform defragmentation at least once a month in order to prevent problems relating to this issue.

Another common cause of Windows operating system problems to emerge is cluttered registry. This area is one of the central parts of your OS where important data are stored. It also records every single activity happening on your unit; consequently the more you use it, the more it accumulates data. Most of them are no longer needed and they are only adding up to the mound of junk files; causing a lot of errors and slowing down your processor.

In most cases, one of the best ways to fix Windows operating system problems is to use registry cleaning software which is very effective in eliminating all trash files and fix all problems in your OS; and the good thing about it is that you can do it yourself without being a computer geek.

How to Solve Computer Problems by Using System Restore

Using System Restore

If your computer starts acting up it could be many things causing the problem, from an update clashing with a program to problems caused by a new program you have installed to Windows just loosing the location of a system file. If you cannot solve the problem by more straight forward means such as uninstalling a program you can restore your computer to an earlier date using System Restore to wind back your system. Windows creates Restore Points every day the computer is turned on or you install a program.

Finding System Restore XP

First in XP close and save any open Documents. Click the Start Button and then All Programs - Accessories - System Tools - System Restore.

The Restore Wizard then starts

Using Vista

The procedure may be the same as XP. Sometimes however System Restore will not appear in the System Tools List. In this event go to Start - Control Panel. Then in the standard Control Panel View, not Classic View go to "View advanced system settings" at the bottom of the left hand pane. In the pop up window click the System Protection Tab and then System Restore

System Restore wizard

At this stage the Restore wizard will start. If you do not have problems but intend to make big changes to your Computer you can create your own Restore Point at this stage. Otherwise follow the wizard to restore your Computer to an earlier time. You will have a choice of Restore Points. Choose one from before your problems started. You have the option for the system to show you earlier Restore Points.

Bear in mind that although System Restore will not remove any of your documents or pictures it will remove any programs, updates and Network Settings installed after the Restore Point you choose.

At the conclusion of the Wizard the Restore process will start. This could take 15 minutes or longer. Your Computer will then restart and the Restore process is concluded at the end of the Restart. If the Restore does not solve the problem or if Windows comes up with a message that it could not restore the Computer try an earlier Restore point.

Other troubleshooting

Note that using this process is a fairly drastic step. No not use it for temporary problems like Computer crashes or screen freezes. The best solution for these is Task Manager. Get to this by holding down the keys Control, Alt and Delete simultaneously. In task manager in the Applications Tab select the program which seems to be causing the problem and click "End Task".

6 Simple Tips for Getting the Best Price on Laptop Computers

Over the years the rules for buying a computer have changed considerably. No longer is the laptop considered a second class citizen in the computer world, especially with the new screens, the new classes of processors and huge hard drives that are available. People have talked about using laptops as desktop replacement for years but until now, it really hasn't been feasible but the laptops being built today will definitely do the job. However, how can you ensure you're getting the best price possible on laptop computers?

Take a look at these tips and make sure you're doing everything you can to get great deals on laptops:

1. Since laptops have a limited upgrade path, buy as much laptop as you can afford. This ensures you'll get years of service out of your investment.

2. Unless you're into gaming, virtually any new laptop system will give you a very good user experience when connecting to the internet, using word processing and other office capabilities and other standard functions. This means you don't have to spend thousands of dollars on a laptop when one costing a few hundred will be more than enough for your needs.

3. If you're using a laptop as a desktop replacement, using a docking station will simplify life immensely and save you money. These allow you to have a full sized setup for screens, keyboards and other peripherals in your home or office but enable you to disconnect your laptop computer in seconds to take with you. This means you can still use your existing screens and peripherals without losing functionality.

4. Make sure you get the right version of Windows when buying your laptop. All laptops will have some version of Windows pre-installed but the Home versions have limitations that may prove troublesome in a business environment and upgrading is usually more expensive than buying a laptop with the right version already installed.

5. Watch for seasonal sales and specials. Back-to-school, Christmas and other seasonal sales can save you hundreds on a new laptop computer.

6. Retailers will discount heavily on "older" laptops (which may only be a few months old) as new processors, operating systems and configurations come out. Paying attention to product cycles can save hundreds as well.

Buying a new laptop and getting a good deal isn't as hard as you may think. It does take some research and a little patience to ensure you're getting everything you want while getting one at a price you can afford. Today, laptops can take the place of a desktop system very easily so you can actually reassign the money you'd spend on a desktop and buy more laptop instead. Keep in mind that a laptop computer is an investment in your future so buying as much laptop as possible will serve you best.

How to Buy Cheap Laptops

Purchasing high end technology is expensive and more often than not it is unadvisable, except for customers who are absolutely sure they will exploit the technology to its full extent. However, for the average user, the latest technology does not bring significant benefits. To put it simple, there is no reason to replace laptops that are only one or two years old with cutting edge technology if the main purpose for owning a laptop is surfing the internet or using basic accounting programs. This guide will teach you how to buy a fully functional laptop with only a minimal investment on your part.

The first step in comparing different laptops resides in asking yourself what are the features proprietary to the purpose of owning one in your case. For instance, if you are looking for a device to take with you on long travels in order to keep working on your projects and save time, then it is obvious a lasting accumulator is a must. On the other hand, if most of your work is done in the office or at home, the importance of the accumulator fades. The same applies to whether you need wireless network capabilities, an imbedded camera, special ports and so on. In essence, you can go through the array of characteristics and systematically eliminate the unnecessary ones, without going overboard and over-simplifying the configuration of course.

While purchasing firsthand laptops does give a certain degree of security, especially in the case when the components come with an extended warranty period, secondhand models are a significantly cheaper alternative. On a side note, with a bit of research you may be able to find a laptop that is still in warranty. Therefore, the best place to start your search is definitely on bidding as well as second hand electronics websites. In order to win the bidding war on a certain laptop, this guide advises you to wait until the auction has less than thirty minutes left to go. This is not exactly a surefire method to win, but rather to boost your chances.

Purchasing cheap laptops does not only mean spending less on the model you purchase, but also recuperating a part of the investment by selling your older one. Therefore, if you own a laptop or desktop that will become obsolete once your new one is shipped to you, rather than throwing it away why not put it up for sale? Even if the highest bid only goes up to one hundred dollars, it is still better than nothing. In some cases, making the sale may even mean recuperating twenty-five percent of your investment.

At the same time, while this guide does not advocate purchasing the latest model of laptops that hit the shelves, buying technology that is older than five years is also to be avoided. For one thing, even though the technology will not depreciate, the normal wear and tear of old machines will definitely impact their functionality. Furthermore, being forced to purchase another laptop in the near future deems the whole point of spending less for the acquisition obsolete.

What A Computer CPU

The computer CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the part of the machine that makes the computer function, basically. It is responsible for carrying out the instructions of a program, which is done by accessing information from the memory and performing some specific action with it. After performing this action, it performs a 'writeback', wherein the changed information is re-written onto the memory.

Although they did not start out this way, modern CPUs are microprocessors. The invention of these microprocessors and their subsequent revisions is what has allowed modern machines to reach the 'clock' speeds that they do. These speeds are referred to as processor speeds, and have reached into the gigahertz range in recent years.

Many of these CPUs have reached their capacity for performing operations, which is why in recent years, manufacturers have turned to multiple core machines. The number of cores refers to the number of processors in the machine, and the more cores, the more tasks that can be performed simultaneously at peak speed. Theoretically, these machines should be faster than they really are. Software is generally considered the problem with reaching theoretical maximum speeds.

Computers create heat, something that anyone who has ever used a laptop on their lap can verify. Too much heat causes the machine to shut down in order to prevent damaging itself. There are several methods of keeping the area cool, including fans (air cooling) and liquid cooling. Air cooling is by far the more common of the two.

Allowing an air-cooled machine to build up dust, or not allowing proper clearance from objects can increase the temperature to a dangerous level. This can not only 'fry' the circuits and damage the machine beyond repair, but it can also cause fires in severe cases. This is why most computers come with detailed instructions on how to position them (such as not placing the machine directly on carpet or another soft surface).

Liquid submersion cooling is performed by materials such as oils, in which the CPU is submerged. It is rare because it is prone to problems-- leakage being the main one. If the material leaks into the other components of the machine, damage occurs and destroys the computer. Evaporation means that the liquid must be replaced periodically, which also increases the chances of damage via spills.

Water cooling is not a submersion method. Because the properties of oil and water differ, they must be used in different manners to cool machines. It is much more efficient at removing heat than air cooling, and because of this, has been used for mainframe computers and jury-rigged by users for many years. It is still quite uncommon in commercial personal computers, but is present in a few. Potential complications such as condensation and leaking make it less popular than air cooling in all but the highest-performance machines.

Machines these days can do things that machines twenty years ago could only dream about, and CPUs are one of the major things that are responsible for that. Since the invention of the microprocessor, personal computers have gone from being calculators and word processors to being capable of multiple different complex actions at the same time. Supercomputers are even more powerful. If it weren't for the invention of the microprocessor computer CPU, none of these things would be possible.

Laptop Repair-If Your Mains Charger Is Faulty

The laptop charger connects between the mains electric socket and the laptop, converting high voltage AC to low voltage DC. If the charger fails then the laptop battery will eventually discharge when you turn on the laptop. If the charge indicator light on the laptop does not illuminate when you connect the charger to the electric socket and the laptop, then no power is getting to the laptop and the charger might be faulty. There are usually three parts to the charger, any of which can and occasionally do fail.

Firstly check or change the fuse found inside the mains plug; depending upon which country you live in you may or may not find a fuse in the mains plug. If the fuse has failed then replace it with one of the correct type and current rating. If a fuse blows more than once then this usually indicates a fault with the charger or power cable. Whilst checking the fuse make sure that the brass screws are tight where the cables connect to the plug contact pins.

Secondly check the power cable that connects from the mains plug to the charger is not damaged. You should carefully check each end of the cable where it connects to the mains plug and the socket that connects to the charger. If you carefully bend the cable you may see where it is becoming detached from the plug or socket. You must replace the complete cable plug assembly if it is badly twisted, bulging or shows minor damage.

Thirdly check the power supply itself. If it has an indicator lamp that does not illuminate when you connect it to the mains supply, then the fault lies with the laptop charger. This can however give a false result if you connect the charger to the laptop where the laptop has a motherboard fault. So you should always test with the charger disconnected from the laptop. Many chargers do not have an indicator light or the light comes on as expected when you connect the mains power. Next take a look at the cable where it joins the low voltage connector that inserts into the laptop. It is very common for the cable to fail at this point as the user will often bend it sharply.

Sometimes when you move the cable the laptop charge lamp will momentarily come on and off. Check the cable where it comes out of the charger; this often breaks especially if you wind the lead around the body of the charger. If someone has damaged the cable either at the connector or anywhere along its length then the complete charger will need replacing as you cannot replace just the cable. Rarely, the charger itself may fail; this is difficult to diagnose this without substituting it with a replacement.

Laptop chargers do not usually fail, however, the low voltage cable and connector often fails due to the cable fracturing especially if someone has bent it sharply or wound it around the charger. So if possible you should not wind up the cables after using the laptop, but do disconnect it from the mains socket.

Graham Kelly has been repairing broken laptops for many years. From a simple power socket fault to a full motherboard fix. He is always pleased to offer repair guidance and can be contacted at Trilogic's internet site for laptop repairs or broken RAM disk.

Printer Repair Preventive Maintenance

As a printer repair company in Toronto, we come across different printer issues and most of these issues are similar in nature. Some printers leave smudges on the pages, some create Creases or curls on the paper or paper jam while other misprints on papers. These are very common calls from the printer customers. These problems happen on all the printer models including Laserjets, Color laserjets, Multifunction printers, Designjet or plotters and even ink jet machines.

Today's printers are very smart and versatile in their functionalities. Proper care and regular preventive maintenance can certainly enhance their productivity and life span saving you headaches of printer repairs. Although the manufacturer provides all the necessary information in the printer's user manual, end users do not typically understand that it is their responsibility to know this information. Here are some of things you can do to enhance your machine's life:

Always try to keep the machine free from dust and moisture. Dust is in fact the biggest enemy of printers as it causes paper jams and machine jam as it can easily penetrate the sensitive parts of the machine. You can either use a clean cloth or Air Duster to clean wipe the dust accumulated on the Laser printers. You can also vacuum clean the printers if you have the specialized tools to vacuum clean the machine. Be careful to use it only when the printer is unplugged and do not use it over complicated machine parts. Let a certified printer repair technician handle this job if there is some major problem. Try to inspect the paper pickup rollers for dust or cracks on regular basis as these are the major cause of printer paper jams. Also if you can, check for the separation pads located in the trays for dust or cracks. If it is dusty or, clean with alcohol or a water-dampened lint-free cloth or swab. Separation pads should be replaced together with pickup rollers.

Finally when using a reliable printer repair company, keep in mind the techs are experienced and most important they have the source to all possible parts. Some printer repair technicians are good in service but when it comes to parts, they have limited access which creates problem for the repair. A good printer repair tech should always do his proper homework before going in the field to fix a printer. He should always study the possible error issues so that he can start working right away on fixing the issue rather than doing the guess works by using hit and trial.

In a Nutshell, keep the printer clean and maintained as per the service manual by the Printer Manufacturer. Printer Repair Hub a leading printer service company specializing in all kind of printer repair for all major brands including HP Printer, Zebra, Okidata, Canon, Xerox, Epson, Lexmark, Brother, Kyocera, Panasonic and more.

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How to Increase Your Computer's RAM

Increasing system memory is usually the cheapest and easiest way to increase system performance. However, not every system can be upgraded and it is possible that you may already have the optimal amount of system memory for your hardware/software configuration. The first thing to do is determine how much memory is currently installed in your system and how much total memory your system is capable of utilizing. Depending on the operating system that you are using the amount of optimal memory varies. As a general rule of thumb Windows XP users will want to have 3 gigs for optimal performance and Windows Vista 3 gigs for the 32 bit version and 4 to 8 gigs for the 64 bit version. Windows 7 should also use 3 gigs for the 32 bit version and 4 or more for 64 bit. (Windows 7 will actually run faster than Vista with the same amount of memory installed.) To find out how much memory your system currently has installed use one of the following methods:

1.Right-click on the 'My Computer' icon, and select Properties from the drop-down menu.
2.Look under the 'General' tab to find the amount or RAM in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB). Remember 1000 MB's is equal to 1 GB.
3.Another way to find system memory is to Click Start-> All Programs-> Accessories-> System Tools-> System Information. Then look for 'Total Physical Memory' in the panel on the right.

One of the easiest ways I have found to determine the maximum amount of memory a system is capable of utilizing is to use the 'memory advisor' tool that is located on the crucial website. To use the tool simply enter the manufacturer and model number of your PC. After entering your PC manufacturer and model number you will be given detailed information regarding the maximum memory capacity for your particular system, and the type of memory and maximum size of memory boards and configurations that are available for your system.

Another option to determine maximum memory capacity would be to consult the website of the manufacturer of your PC for details regarding your particular system. Note: If you have a custom built machine you will need the specification sheet that accompanied the motherboard that is currently in your system to find out the details concerning maximum memory capacity, memory type, speed, etc. In the event that you do not have this information you will have to open the computer case and find the model number of your motherboard. The model number is normally printed on the face of the motherboard but can be difficult to find. Assuming you are able to find the model number, use it to search the manufacturers website for details about the memory specifications for that motherboard.

Before purchasing new memory be careful to ensure that the memory type that you are buying is correct for your system. There are quite a few different types of memory available, you will want to be absolutely sure that the memory you purchase will work in your system. If your system requires DDR or DDR2 you will need to buy two matching memory boards to perform an upgrade. With DDR3 you will more than likely need three matching boards. (These details can vary however, depending on the motherboard.)

There are also many different memory speeds available for each type of memory. If you are planning on completely replacing the old memory you should be able to use faster memory for your specific memory type, if it's available. If you are planning to add new memory to existing memory you should try to find memory that is the same speed as the existing memory.

Installing Memory Upgrades

Installing memory can be tricky so take your time and don't try to force a memory stick into your system if it is not easily snapping into place. There are slots on the memory that will only allow it to be inserted in one direction so be sure to line them up when installing. If the memory board does not seem like it is fitting in the socket correctly try turning it around. If the slots in the memory do not match the breaks on the motherboard memory socket then you have the wrong type of memory for your system.

Removing the old RAM Memory Boards

Be sure your computer is completely shut down.
Unplug the power cord from the back of the computer.
Unplug any other cables that are connected to the computer including telephone lines or networking cables.
Remove the access panel or computer cover. You may have to remove some screws on the rear of the computer or on some systems press a release button (usually on the bottom of the case).
Locate the old memory on the motherboard. You can identify the memory by examining your new memory and looking for similar memory boards installed on the motherboard, usually near the CPU.
Before attempting to remove the old memory, be sure to release the latches that are used to hold the memory firmly in place. You will find these at both ends of each memory board.
Grasping the memory firmly in the middle, carefully pull the memory board in a perpendicular direction, away from the motherboard until it slides out. IF THE MEMORY IS NOT EASILY SLIDING OUT CHECK THE LATCHES TO BE SURE THAT THEY ARE COMPLETELY OPEN.

Installing New RAM Memory Boards

Depending on the type of memory you are installing be sure that you are installing the memory in the correct slots.
DDR and DDR2 will normally be installed in slots 1 and 3 or slots 2 and 4. (Many times these slots will be a different color, either blue or possibly yellow.)
DDR3 will be installed in slots 1, 3 and 5 or slots 2, 4 and 6.
If you are installing new memory but plan to add your new memory to the existing memory and do not plan to remove the old memory then be sure that the LARGER memory modules are installed in the first slot that is closest to the CPU. (for DDR, DDR2, DDR3 be sure the first memory stick of the largest set of memory boards is installed closest to the CPU and the matching ones are installed accordingly).
Be sure to line up the slot in each memory board with the break in the memory slot.
Press each board down until it snaps into place. (Both latches on the ends of the memory board should lock into place.)

Close Your Computer Case or Cover

Replace the cover or panel that you removed earlier.
Replace any screws that you may have removed or loosened.
Plug any cables you removed earlier back in to the computer.
Power up your computer and pay careful attention to the boot screens to be sure that there are no error messages during the boot-up process.
You may see a message indicating that the amount of system memory has changed. This is normal.

Troubleshooting - If you are Experiencing Problems with the System not Powering Back up Properly or Locking Up.
Ensure that all of the your memory boards are fully seated in the sockets and that they are latched firmly on both ends.
Be sure that you have the boards in the correct slots. (If there are any boards of different sizes then the largest memory board must be in the slot closest to the CPU.)
If you are using DDR, DDR2, or DD3, you must use matching memory boards and they must be installed in groups and in the correct slots.
If you have added new memory to older existing memory your new memory may be a different speed than the old memory. Some motherboards will not allow using memory of different speeds. Try using only the new memory.
I own a Computer Repair and Data Recovery business in San Antonio, TX. I spent 10 years in database development and the past seven mainly repairing and servicing hardware. However, I am now also offering Website Development, Internet Marketing, SEO, and Hosting.

How the Computer Memory System Works

You are probably tied to your computer with work and personal use. It is not surprising considering how much time is spent working on computers each day. The world would come to a grinding halt without them. But they cannot work if they do not have the right amount of computer memory installed.

Everything your PC performs, from software to hardware, involves the computer's storage. It can also mean the difference between having a fast computer and having one that takes forever.

Your laptop or desktop memory is very important. It is how the PC runs and how the software runs. It is certainly more than just being able to save a document you are typing or being able to download a song. The memory computer systems need is centered around how fast it can run and how quickly data can be loaded.

A PC's memory is the amount of storage on it. Taking for example generic memory, when a PC stores information in its temporary memory it is able to run much faster.

The process of accessing computer storage is very easy. The Central Processing Unit (or CPU) wants to use the closest information it can find first. So it stores vital information to keep the computer running efficiently in a temporary storage or cache first.

Only after looking in this file will the PC search through the long term permanent storage. Both desktop computers and notebooks use this same method for gathering its information.

There are a few terms you need to know when it comes to your computer's memory. The first is RAM which stands for Random Access Memory. The second is ROM (Read-Only Memory).

The third is OS which stands for Operating System and finally BIOS which is Basic Input/Output System. Each of these terms is used to describe how the PC's storage is used to access the information and load the systems.

Computer memory can seem a bit complicated. There are a lot of terms to know and it can be confusing. The best summary is that the faster the computer is, the more it needs to keep a temporary folder to access information.

Think of it like a Post-It note that you write down a phone number on when you are in a hurry. You will not leave the number on there if it is important, you will save it someplace else. But you have it there for quick reference.

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How to restore sounds on your computer

Computers can be changeable and unstable so if your computer suddenly stops producing sound, you need to know the reasons for it and address the problem properly. If you have money and time to spend, you could go to a professional computer technician to resolve the problem but you can also do some troubleshooting steps yourself.

A computer stops producing sound sometimes due to the uninstallation of the drivers to the sound card. What you need to do is to restore them. First, examine if the drivers are missing by opening your computer's Control Panel. You can press Ctrl + Esc to see the start menu and find the Control Panel at the right side. Then, click on System and click Hardware. Under this option, click Device Manager. If you find yellow exclamation marks beside the sound icon, that means that the sound card has to be restored since the drivers have been corrupted. You can take out the CD which came with the computer sound card. Alternatively, you can restore the sound card by downloading drivers from the net.

However, if you see no yellow exclamation marks, you don't have to do the step above. Check if the computer speaker cords are not loose nor unplugged and make sure that the cable is properly attached to the right outlet. You can exchange a few various cords. If this works, your computer sound will be restored.

If the steps above still don't work, you should examine the mute button on the Windows Taskbar and double-click the Windows Volume Control which looks like a speaker. Check if the sound has been muted. If it has, uncheck the box to unmute it. However, if you can't see any sound icon in the Taskbar, your sound card may need restoration. Use the CD which came with the sound card or download the appropriate drivers from the website of your sound card's manufacturer. This would solve the problem.

Also, you can change your speakers if you find that they are defective. Don't forget to keep the volume control up.

How to solve problems with System Restore

Using System Restore

If your computer starts acting up it could be many things causing the problem, from an update clashing with a program to problems caused by a new program you have installed to Windows just loosing the location of a system file. If you cannot solve the problem by more straight forward means such as uninstalling a program you can restore your computer to an earlier date using System Restore to wind back your system. Windows creates Restore Points every day the computer is turned on or you install a program.

Finding System Restore XP

First in XP close and save any open Documents. Click the Start Button and then All Programs - Accessories - System Tools - System Restore.

The Restore Wizard then starts

Using Vista

The procedure may be the same as XP. Sometimes however System Restore will not appear in the System Tools List. In this event go to Start - Control Panel. Then in the standard Control Panel View, not Classic View go to "View advanced system settings" at the bottom of the left hand pane. In the pop up window click the System Protection Tab and then System Restore

System Restore wizard

At this stage the Restore wizard will start. If you do not have problems but intend to make big changes to your Computer you can create your own Restore Point at this stage. Otherwise follow the wizard to restore your Computer to an earlier time. You will have a choice of Restore Points. Choose one from before your problems started. You have the option for the system to show you earlier Restore Points.

Bear in mind that although System Restore will not remove any of your documents or pictures it will remove any programs, updates and Network Settings installed after the Restore Point you choose.

At the conclusion of the Wizard the Restore process will start. This could take 15 minutes or longer. Your Computer will then restart and the Restore process is concluded at the end of the Restart. If the Restore does not solve the problem or if Windows comes up with a message that it could not restore the Computer try an earlier Restore point.

Other troubleshooting

Note that using this process is a fairly drastic step. No not use it for temporary problems like Computer crashes or screen freezes. The best solution for these is Task Manager. Get to this by holding down the keys Control, Alt and Delete simultaneously. In task manager in the Applications Tab select the program which seems to be causing the problem and click "End Task".

How To Install Mac OS

If you're having issues install updates to your Mac OS there could be many reasons. But some times an easy fix isn't to far away. Normally Mac OS downloads the updates in the background and then once the updates have been downloaded the OS will tell you that you have updates, but some times there are issues that make this type of update fail, this is when a manual update may be required to fix the issues or just to allow for the update to be installed.

Lets start the update procedure up like you would when doing the automatic update. This is done by clicking on the apple icon on the top left side of the screen and then click on "Software Update" this will make a new window open there should be a button with "Check Now" click on it.

This will now check for updates that your Mac needs. Once complete a list of all the available updates will be shown. Remember the list we will use this next when it comes down to picking the updates from the download page. Navigate to the apple support downloads page you should see a list of downloads on the main page and a search bar at the top, go back to your list and copy the update name into that bar, then press enter.

Now the update should show underneath, click on the "Download" button next to the image and the download will start or it will ask you where you want to place the download file, just select the desktop for easy access.

Once it downloads the .DMG file can be run, you click on it and the OS will check the file and verify that everything is ok with the file. Now updates will automatically start opening the install screen now, but some will open a new window showing a.pkg file inside click on it to start the install.

Now the install with normally will open up and tell you that you're about to install the update, click on next to continue on, the next screen is going to be terms and conditions and tells you to make sure you have backed up your data and closed other application. Once you have done this click next, they should be a little screen that pops down from the window asking if you agree with the terms and conditions, click accept.

Now the install should start my configuring the install and then the files start to copy to your hard drive. Some updates require a restart if so on the update list screen there will be a little icon next to the update, so during the installation a window will pop up saying a restart is required, click on restart to continue the installation. If you had to restart the screen will change and all the icons will be removed while the update continues and you will see a small window appear showing the install is still happening. Once this has completed the Mac will restart and the updates will have been installed correctly.

If the install didn't require a restart then you will be taken to a screen that tells you the install has been completed and there should also be a big green tick in the middle of the window. Click on close to finalise the install.

Now to check the updates where completed correctly click on the apple logo on the top left side of the screen and click "Software Update" then click on the "Check now" button if it shows up, the next page should say there are no updates.

How To Install Google Chrome OS

Chrome is one of the most popular web browsers and like other browsers many people are complaining about crashing problem with it. This article will guide you to fix this particular problem.

Follow the methods stated below:

· Re-Install Google Chrome
· Disable Sandbox
· Clean Registry Errors
· Remove Add-Ons and Plugins

Re-Install Google Chrome

Google Chrome crashes if it is corrupted. Re-installing the browser can fix the issue. Before re-installing it first make sure that you uninstall it properly. Whenever a program is being removed from the computer it leaves behind certain root information. This information is often referred as the registry entries. The registry in Windows based operating systems stores important root information of all computer programs. Therefore, after removing the browser, it is also wise to run a registry cleanup scan through a good software. Follow the steps below:

1. Click Start
2. Go to Control Panel
3. In Control Panel click on Programs and Features
4. Right-click on Google Chrome and click un-install
5. Follow the onscreen instructions
6. Restart your PC

Disable Sandbox

Chrome crashes may also be fixed by disabling Sandbox. You can disable sandbox by following the steps below:

1. Right-click on Chrome shortcut on your desktop
2. Go to Properties
3. Click on Shortcut tab
4. You'll see a command in front of target option
5. Here you have to add the command -no-sandbox or -no-process-plugins
6. Click OK button

Clean Registry Errors

Many PC users don't even think that Windows registry can cause any problem but the truth is it can create problems if it contains errors. Windows registry stores all the information about computer in form of keys and Google chrome crashes may also occur if the registry is corrupted. You can remove errors from registry by installing good System Utilities software. This type of software is also good for optimizing computer speed.

Remove Add-Ons and Plugins

Installing too many add-ons can also result in Google Chrome crashes. You can fix this problem by uninstalling or disabling the add-ons. Follow the steps below to disable or uninstall the ad-ons:

1. Open Google chrome
2. Visit the link Chrome://Extensions
3. Click the uninstall or disable button
4. Restart your PC

A quick fix to get rid of Google Chrome crashes is to use a good System Cleaner and PC Optimizer. It's really a very powerful tool that fixes PC software problems in no time. You can download system cleaner from internet.

How to Install an Operating System on a Computer

Now, this tip will be very helpful for those who frequently install windows XP operating system. Normally OS installation takes around 40 minutes to complete, but through this trick you can now save 10-15 minutes. This simple tricks goes this way.

1. Boot through Windows XP CD.

2. After all the files are completely loaded, you get the option to select the partition. Select "c".

3. Now Format the partition, whether it is normal or quick with NTFS or FAT

4. Once the formatting is completed, All the setup files required for installation are copied. Restart your system by pressing Enter.

Now, here begins the Simple trick to save 10-15 minutes.

5. After rebooting, you get a screen where it takes 40 minutes to complete or finalize the OS installation.

6. Now, Press SHIFT + F10 Key -> This opens command prompt.

7. Enter "Taskmgr" at the command prompt window. This will open Task Manager.

8. Click the Process Tab, here we find a process called Setup.exe -> Right Click on Setup.exe -> Set Priority -> Select High or Above Normal. Initially it will be Normal.

That's it, no more work to do. Relax your self and see how fast the installation process completes

So follow above steps you can install windows xp very fast.It will take you hardly around 15 minutes to install it. If you install simple then it may take up- to around 30 minutes. If you face any problem in following above steps,you can ask about anything here or visit my site below in resource box ask there.

parts of a computer

A slightly less crude oversimplification divides a computer into five elements: arithmetic and logic subsystem, control subsystem, main storage, input subsystem, and output subsystem.

• processor
• arithmetic and logic
• control
• main storage
• external storage
• input/output overview
• input
• output                                                          

 

processor

    The processor is the part of the computer that actually does the computations. This is sometimes called an MPU (for main processor unit) or CPU (for central processing unit or central processor unit).

    A processor typically contains an arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), control unit (including processor flags, flag register, or status register), internal buses, and sometimes special function units (the most common special function unit being a floating point unit for floating point arithmetic).

    Some computers have more than one processor. This is called multi-processing.

    The major kinds of digital processors are: CISC, RISC, DSP, and hybrid.

    CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer. Mainframe computers and minicomputers were CISC processors, with manufacturers competing to offer the most useful instruction sets. Many of the first two generations of microprocessors were also CISC.

    RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer. RISC came about as a result of academic research that showed that a small well designed instruction set running compiled programs at high speed could perform more computing work than a CISC running the same programs (although very expensive hand optimized assembly language favored CISC).

    DSP stands for Digital Signal Processing. DSP is used primarily in dedicated devices, such as MODEMs, digital cameras, graphics cards, and other specialty devices.

    Hybrid processors combine elements of two or three of the major classes of processors.

    For more detailed information on these classes of processors, see processors.

arithmetic and logic

    An arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) performs integer arithmetic and logic operations. It also performs shift and rotate operations and other specialized operations. Usually floating point arithmetic is performed by a dedicated floating point unit (FPU), which may be implemented as a co-processor.

    An arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) performs integer arithmetic and logic operations. It also performs shift and rotate operations and other specialized operations. Usually floating point arithmetic is performed by a dedicated floating point unit (FPU), which may be implemented as a co-processor.

control

    Control units are in charge of the computer. Control units fetch and decode machine instructions. Control units may also control some external devices.

    A bus is a set (group) of parallel lines that information (data, addresses, instructions, and other information) travels on inside a computer. Information travels on buses as a series of electrical pulses, each pulse representing a one bit or a zero bit (there are trinary, or three-state, buses, but they are rare). An internal bus is a bus inside the processor, moving data, addresses, instructions, and other information between registers and other internal components or units. An external bus is a bus outside of the processor (but inside the computer), moving data, addresses, and other information between major components (including cards) inside the computer. Some common kinds of buses are the system bus, a data bus, an address bus, a cache bus, a memory bus, and an I/O bus.

    For more information, see buses.

main storage

    Main storage is also called memory or internal memory (to distinguish from external memory, such as hard drives).

    RAM is Random Access Memory, and is the basic kind of internal memory. RAM is called “random access” because the processor or computer can access any location in memory (as contrasted with sequential access devices, which must be accessed in order). RAM has been made from reed relays, transistors, integrated circuits, magnetic core, or anything that can hold and store binary values (one/zero, plus/minus, open/close, positive/negative, high/low, etc.). Most modern RAM is made from integrated circuits. At one time the most common kind of memory in mainframes was magnetic core, so many older programmers will refer to main memory as core memory even when the RAM is made from more modern technology. Static RAM is called static because it will continue to hold and store information even when power is removed. Magnetic core and reed relays are examples of static memory. Dynamic RAM is called dynamic because it loses all data when power is removed. Transistors and integrated circuits are examples of dynamic memory. It is possible to have battery back up for devices that are normally dynamic to turn them into static memory.

    ROM is Read Only Memory (it is also random access, but only for reads). ROM is typically used to store thigns that will never change for the life of the computer, such as low level portions of an operating system. Some processors (or variations within processor families) might have RAM and/or ROM built into the same chip as the processor (normally used for processors used in standalone devices, such as arcade video games, ATMs, microwave ovens, car ignition systems, etc.). EPROM is Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, a special kind of ROM that can be erased and reprogrammed with specialized equipment (but not by the processor it is connected to). EPROMs allow makers of industrial devices (and other similar equipment) to have the benefits of ROM, yet also allow for updating or upgrading the software without having to buy new ROM and throw out the old (the EPROMs are collected, erased and rewritten centrally, then placed back into the machines).

    Registers and flags are a special kind of memory that exists inside a processor. Typically a processor will have several internal registers that are much faster than main memory. These registers usually have specialized capabilities for arithmetic, logic, and other operations. Registers are usually fairly small (8, 16, 32, or 64 bits for integer data, address, and control registers; 32, 64, 96, or 128 bits for floating point registers). Some processors separate integer data and address registers, while other processors have general purpose registers that can be used for both data and address purposes. A processor will typically have one to 32 data or general purpose registers (processors with separate data and address registers typically split the register set in half). Many processors have special floating point registers (and some processors have general purpose registers that can be used for either integer or floating point arithmetic). Flags are single bit memory used for testing, comparison, and conditional operations (especially conditional branching). For a much more advanced look at registers, see registers.

    For more information on memory, see memory

external storage

    External storage (also called auxillary storage) is any storage other than main memory. In modern times this is mostly hard drives and removeable media (such as floppy disks, Zip disks, optical media, etc.). With the advent of USB and FireWire hard drives, the line between permanent hard drives and removeable media is blurred. Other kinds of external storage include tape drives, drum drives, paper tape, and punched cards. Random access or indexed access devices (such as hard drives, removeable media, and drum drives) provide an extension of memory (although usually accessed through logical file systems). Sequential access devices (such as tape drives, paper tape punch/readers, or dumb terminals) provide for off-line storage of large amounts of information (or back ups of data) and are often called I/O devices (for input/output).

input/output overview

    Most external devices are capable of both input and output (I/O). Some devices are inherently input-only (also called read-only) or inherently output-only (also called write-only). Regardless of whether a device is I/O, read-only, or write-only, external devices can be classified as block or character devices.

    A character device is one that inputs or outputs data in a stream of characters, bytes, or bits. Character devices can further be classified as serial or parallel. Examples of character devices include printers, keyboards, and mice.

    A serial device streams data as a series of bits, moving data one bit at a time. Examples of serial devices include printers and MODEMs.

    A parallel device streams data in a small group of bits simultaneously. Usually the group is a single eight-bit byte (or possibly seven or nine bits, with the possibility of various control or parity bits included in the data stream). Each group usually corresponds to a single character of data. Rarely there will be a larger group of bits (word, longword, doubleword, etc.). The most common parallel device is a printer (although most modern printers have both a serial and a parallel connection, allowing greater connection flexibility).

    A block device moves large blocks of data at once. This may be physically implemented as a serial or parallel stream of data, but the entire block gets transferred as single packet of data. Most block devices are random access (that is, information can be read or written from blocks anywhere on the device). Examples of random access block devices include hard disks, floppy disks, and drum drives. Examples of sequential access block devcies include magnetic tape drives and high speed paper tape readers.

input

    Input devices are devices that bring information into a computer.

    Pure input devices include such things as punched card readers, paper tape readers, keyboards, mice, drawing tablets, touchpads, trackballs, and game controllers.

    Devices that have an input component include magnetic tape drives, touchscreens, and dumb terminals.

output

    Output devices are devices that bring information out of a computer.

    Pure output devices include such things as card punches, paper tape punches, LED displays (for light emitting diodes), monitors, printers, and pen plotters.

    Devices that have an output component include magnetic tape drives, combination paper tape reader/punches, teletypes, and dumb terminals.